Most Romantic Quotes Of All Time Biography
Source (Google.com.pk)Cosmologist Stephen Hawking is regarded as one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists since Albert Einstein. His work on the origins and structure of the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes, has revolutionized the field, while his best-selling books have appealed to readers who may not have Hawking’s scientific background. In this brief biography, we look at Hawking’s education and career — ranging from his discoveries to the popular books he’s written — and the disease that’s robbed him of mobility and speech. [See also our overview of Famous Astronomers and great scientists from many fields who have worked in astronomy.]
Professor Stephen Hawking speaks about "Why We Should Go into Space" for the NASA Lecture Series, April 21, 2008.
Professor Stephen Hawking speaks about "Why We Should Go into Space" for the NASA Lecture Series, April 21, 2008.
Credit: NASA/Paul AlersView full size image
A challenging life
British cosmologist Stephen William Hawking was born in England on Jan. 8, 1942, 300 years to the day after the death of the astronomer Galileo Galilei. He attended University College, Oxford, where he studied physics, despite his father's urging to focus on medicine. Hawking went on to Cambridge to research cosmology, the study of the universe as a whole.
In early 1963, just shy of 21, Hawking was diagnosed with motor neurone disease, more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease. He was not expected to live more than two years. Completing his doctorate did not appear likely. Yet Hawking defied the odds, not only attaining his Ph.D. but forging new roads into the understanding of the universe in the decades since.
As the disease spread, Hawking became less mobile, and was confined to a wheelchair. Talking grew more challenging and, in 1985, an emergency tracheotomy caused his total loss of speech. A speech generating device constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program, serves as his electronic voice today, allowing Hawking to select his words by moving the muscles in his cheek.
Just before his diagnosis, Hawking met Jane Wilde, and the two were married in 1965. The couple had three children before separating. Hawking remarried in 1995 but divorced in 2006.
A brilliant mind
Hawking continued at Cambridge after his graduation, serving as a research fellow, and later as a professional fellow. In 1974, he was inducted into the Royal Society, a worldwide fellowship of scientists. In 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the most famous academic chair in the world (the second holder was Sir Isaac Newton, also a member of the Royal Society.
Over the course of his career, Hawking studied the basic laws governing the universe. He proposed that, since the universe boasts a beginning – the Big Bang – it will likely have an ending. Working with fellow cosmologist Roger Penrose, he demonstrated that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity suggested that space and time began at the birth of the universe, and ends within black holes, a result that implied that Einstein's theory of General Relativity and quantum theory must be united.
Using the two theories together, Hawking also determined that black holes are not totally silent but instead emit radiation. He predicted that, following the Big Bang, black holes the size of protons were created, governed by both general relativity and quantum mechanics. [PHOTOS: Black Holes of the Universe]
Hawking proposed that the universe itself has no boundary, much like the Earth. Although it is finite, one can travel around the planet (and through the universe) infinitely, never encountering a wall that would be described as the "end." [Portrait of Genius: Stephen Hawking Exhibit Photos]
Hawking’s books
Hawking is a popular writer. His first book,"A Brief History of Time," was published in 1988 and became an international best seller. In it, Hawking aimed to communicate questions about the birth and death of the universe to the lay person.
Since then, Hawking has gone on to write other nonfiction books aimed at nonscientists. These include "A Briefer History of Time," "The Universe in a Nutshell," "The Grand Design," and "On the Shoulders of Giants." [8 Shocking Things We Learned From Stephen Hawking's Book “Grand Design”]
He has also created a fictional series of books for middle school children on the creation of the universe, beginning with "George and the Big Bang."
Hawking has made several television appearances, including a playing hologram of himself on 'Star Trek: The Next Generation' and a cameo on the television show 'Big Bang Theory'. PBS presented an educational miniseries titled “Stephen Hawking's Universe,” which probes the theories of the cosmologist.
Stephen Hawking quotes
Hawking’s quotes range from notable to poetic to controversial. Among them:
"Even if there is only one possible unified theory, it is just a set of rules and equations. What is it that breathes fire into the equations and makes a universe for them to describe? The usual approach of science of constructing a mathematical model cannot answer the questions of why there should be a universe for the model to describe. Why does the universe go to all the bother of existing? "
"All of my life, I have been fascinated by the big questions that face us, and have tried to find scientific answers to them. If, like me, you have looked at the stars, and tried to make sense of what you see, you too have started to wonder what makes the universe exist."
"Science predicts that many different kinds of universe will be spontaneously created out of nothing. It is a matter of chance which we are in."
"The whole history of science has been the gradual realization that events do not happen in an arbitrary manner, but that they reflect a certain underlying order, which may or may not be divinely inspired. "
"We should seek the greatest value of our action."
"The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge."
"Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change."
"It is not clear that intelligence has any long-term survival value. "
"One cannot really argue with a mathematical theorem. "
"It is a waste of time to be angry about my disability. One has to get on with life and I haven't done badly. People won't have time for you if you are always angry or complaining."
A list of Hawking quotes would be incomplete without mentioning some of his more controversial statements.
He has said humans must leave Earth if we wish to survive: "It will be difficult enough to avoid disaster in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand or million. …Our only chance of long-term survival is not to remain inward-looking on planet Earth, but to spread out into space."
He has also said time travel should be possible, and that we should explore space for the romance of it: "Science is not only a disciple of reason, but, also, one of romance and passion."
Hawking also waded into the topic of religion with this doozie: "I regard the brain as a computer which will stop working when its components fail. … There is no heaven or afterlife for broken down computers; that is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark."
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